Beta carotene is a bright reddish-orange pigment found in plants like the carrot, pumpkin and sweet potato. The body can convert it into Vitamin A and beta carotene acts as an important anti-oxidant in the body. 

Too little beta carotene in the bloodstream can lead to reproductive disorders, dry eyes and abnormal bone development. Some people may have trouble with night vision, poor appetite or rashes on the skin. Too much beta carotene can result in orange skin or an increased risk of lung and prostate cancer, intracerebral hemorrhage and heart problems, especially in people who smoke.

Most people should have between 50 and 300 micrograms of beta carotene per deciliter of blood, though the actual measurements can vary a little from lab to lab. Abnormal results on a beta carotene blood test may indicate a dietary problem or an underlying health issue. Patients with very low levels of beta carotene may have digestive problems that prevent them from absorbing the vitamin, for instance.

In order to get an accurate beta carotene blood test, patients must avoid eating or drinking anything for at least six hours before the test. Some drugs, such as retinol, can also interfere with the results of a beta carotene test and should be temporarily discontinued. In cases of a beta carotene deficiency, patients can correct the problem with high quality supplements or increased consumption of orange, yellow and red fruits and vegetables.