Estrogens are the hormones responsible for female sexual development and function. In women, the ovaries are the primary producers of estrogens. In men, the adrenal glands and the testicles produce small amounts of estrogens. The total estrogens test measures the blood levels of the primary estrogens: estriol, estradiol and estrone.

The reasons for ordering a total estrogen blood test are many. These hormones impact reproductive and sexual functioning, as well as bone health, heart health, nerves and metabolism. Both men and women with low levels of estradiol, for example, may be at risk for osteoporosis. Monitoring total estrogen levels helps detect fetal birth defects, identify ovarian tumors in prepubescent girls and post-menopausal women and detect testicular tumors. Total estrogen also helps evaluate symptoms of menopause and the treatment of such. The test more accurately measures the estrogen hormones that fluctuate during a woman’s cycle and during menopause than tests that measure strictly estrogen. 

Both men and women should keep their estrogen levels within the normal range for optimal health, aging and libido. Men with higher than normal estrogen levels may need testosterone therapy. Higher levels of estrogen are also known to cause certain cancers, such as breast, ovarian and prostate.